Why is soil aeration considered essential?

Soil aeration is essential because it improves air exchange within the soil. This process ensures that oxygen reaches plant roots, which is vital for respiration. Adequate oxygen levels in the soil also promote microbial activity, enhancing nutrient cycling and overall soil health. When soil is compacted or poorly aerated, roots can become stressed due to insufficient oxygen, leading to poor growth and increased susceptibility to diseases.

On the other hand, while reducing water evaporation is beneficial, it is not directly related to the primary purpose of aeration. Similarly, increasing soil acidity or promoting pests does not align with the fundamental objectives of proper soil aeration; these aspects can actually hinder plant growth and soil health. Therefore, improving air exchange is the key reason why aeration is deemed crucial in horticulture.